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Critical to Process (CTP) are the key process input variables. These are the process parameters which influences other critical approaches - Critical to Quality (CTQ), Critical to Delivery (CTD) and / or Critical to Cost (CTC). To illustrate CTP in terms of process, we must mention it as the critical x’s in the function -> y = f(x). It is essential to know what the x’s are - for example, temperature, pressure, humidity, but not essentially their definite setting or level.
Every organization and business processes has constraints. There are different forms of constraints. When a product or service or its characteristics are not sufficient to fulfil the requirements of customers, the projects of improvement should be implemented to correct the fault or lacuna identified in the processes. They represent the necessities of quality but have deficiency in terms of measuring the specificity. In the concept CTx, x is a variable and it is the area or field of impact on the customer. The critical customer requirements are articulated in terms of expectations or needs but not essentially in quantifiable terms. CTx process symbolizes measurable product or process performance characteristics and take steps to enumerate the critical requirements of the customers. The critical customer requirements have a great impact on the customer and often on the business directly. The most useful tool that enables us to transform the important needs of the customer into products or services characteristics and to link these characteristics to the business processes is the ‘tree diagram’. CTP is one of the concepts of CT. There are two types of trees - - The Product tree (CTY) and
- The Process tree (CTX)
It is noteworthy that the product tree or CTY is found in many commercial and business organizations. It is a product breakdown where CTP, CTD, and CTC characteristics are identified at different levels. A process tree is a breakdown of processes in the field of engineering, manufacturing, service and transaction. CTPs are identified at the lowest level of the process tree. The number of stages in the trees is dependent on the intricacy of the product or service. The same is the case with processes. In a tree of numerous levels, these levels might be broadly labelled as: Complex system, sub-system, element etc. In reality, CTPs are found out directly below the element level of the CT tree in which they can put a direct impact on the elements - CTQ, CTD, and/or CTC. Both the CTX and CTY trees, as well as the CT matrix are tools which are applicable to all areas of a business process. There are various benefits of CT matrix. These are as follows: - It has the ability to recognize potential six sigma projects by identifying leverage processes;
- It is capable enough to link customer requirements directly to our processes at different levels;
- The prospect to envision process and capabilities of product when the tools of Six Sigma are being used and values of Sigma are planned.
A tool is useful in narrowing down the errors in the business processes, either external or internal failure categories. A pareto chart is helpful in breaking down each of the categories. Pareto chart has many benefits: - It is helpful towards the organization to get a clear picture of the field of the greatest contribution.
- A pareto chart gives emphasis on problems so that the major problems can be found out.
Pareto chart provides the basic information regarding the nature of the problem in the business process. The problem may be either critical to quality or cost or process and links it to the customer and process where the problem is identified. A useful tool for assuring the critical customer requirement to CTx is the tree diagram. It consists of the physical measurement of height, width, depth and weight. It is most essential that quality engineering should start with an understanding of quality costs in various situations. At almost every conventional industrial engineering, the quality costs are simply symbolized by the number of items outside specification which is computed by multiplying the cost of rework or scrap. Process of implementation of CTP: - CTP is used to find out the needs of customers related to process variability of the product.
- It must be included while drawing a detailed tree diagram of a business process.
- The diagram developed by CTP identifies problems as well as finds out their root causes.
- It also uses to create development in a process.
The critical to process concept is an essential part of six sigma projects. CTPs are developed in order to fulfil the needs of valuable customers. Customer satisfaction is a primary factor in the development of CTP study. Considering the process related to customers’ need is most important at the initial stage. The performance level of CTP should be at such a level that it should meet the requirements of the customer. They harmonize improvement or design efforts in tune with customer requirements.
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